FIFA ethics investigator Michael Garcia has criticised the culture of secrecy at world football's governing body and called for greater transparency.
Garcia, who has been investigating the bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, said he had been operating under conditions more suitable for "an intelligence agency."
He called on the governing body to show leadership and publish his 430-page report -- a move FIFA president Sepp Blatter says would threaten witness confidentiality.
Garcia, speaking at an event in London, said: "The investigation and adjudication process operates in most parts unseen and unheard.
"That's a kind of system which might be appropriate for an intelligence agency but not for an ethics compliance process in an international sports institution that serves the public and is the subject of intense public scrutiny."
He added: "Transparency is not intended to embarrass certain individuals by airing dirty laundry or to harm the organisation by showing what went wrong, it's the opposite.
"Where the institution has taken significant steps forward and made that progress, transparency provides evidence of that to the public.''
A number of high-ranking officials in football have also called for Garcia's report to be made public, including UEFA president Michel Platini and FIFA presidential candidate Jerome Champagne.