Dani Alves hit out at Chilean referee Enrique Osses after he dismissed Neymar during Brazil's 1-0 Copa America defeat to Colombia.
Jeison Murillo scored the only goal of the game in the 36th minute, and Brazil captain Neymar was sent off at the end of the match to cap a miserable night for Dunga's side.
Neymar, who had been booked in the first half, was dismissed along with Colombia's Carlos Bacca after a melee in injury time that involved several players.
Bacca, who shoved Neymar from behind, was apparently upset after the Brazilian kicked the ball at Pablo Armero and then seemed to head-butt Murillo.
However, Brazil defender Alves, who also plays alongside Neymar at Barcelona, blamed referee Osses.
"Referees have to stop thinking that they are the stars," Alves said, according to AFP. "The stars are not them -- they are there to control the game. We are used to this in South America -- everyone here is against Brazil."
Alves said the opposition had also played a role in the incident.
Neymar had suffered a broken vertebra during Brazil's World Cup victory over Colombia last year, and Alves said: "They know the personality of Neymar and they went in search of him. They tried to provoke him and make him nervous."
Chelsea forward Willian said officials had to do more to protect Neymar.
"The referees have to respect Neymar because he is always getting hit," Willian said. "It happened again today, and he was the one ejected."
Brazil coach Dunga added: "Colombia showed that it is a very experienced team. Our players at times got caught in their provocations and forgot to play football.
"Brazil has to play football. Brazil can't go to war, we have to focus on what we do best, which is play football."
The result ended Colombia's 24-year winless run against Brazil, and left the two sides level with Venezuela at the top of Group C with three points each.
Venezuela and Peru, however, have a game in hand, and they will play their second group match on Thursday. If Peru were to beat Venezuela, all four teams would enter the final round with three points each.
The top two teams in each of the three groups advance, plus the two-best third-place finishers.
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.