Lionel Messi delivered a foul-mouthed tirade toward Valencia fans who threw objects at Barcelona players near the end of Saturday's game.
Barcelona trailed 2-1 in the second half but fought back to win 3-2 with Messi's stoppage-time penalty in front of the home supporters.
As Messi and his teammates celebrated the Blaugrana's winner, a bottle was thrown from the home supporters' Curva Nord stand into the centre of Barcelona's huddle.
Neymar and Luis Suarez were both hit by objects and fell to the pitch, leading Messi to confront the fans and pump his fist.
After being briefly pulled away by teammates, Messi returned to deliver what appeared to be multiple curses at the fans for their actions.
The Barcelona players escaped serious injury, as did Paco Alcacer, a former Valencia player who was earlier hit in the face by a bag of sunflower seeds.
Lamentable provocación de Paco Alcácer pic.twitter.com/4mVzBTcs7S
- raffa ávila (@ClarenceCrane) October 22, 2016
Barcelona coach Luis Enrique was keen to play down the events after the game, limiting himself to saying: "We've celebrated a goal as you have to celebrate a winning goal against a rival that's made things so difficult."
Valencia manager Cesare Prandelli said he did not see the incident.
Information from ESPN FC's Barcelona correspondent Sam Marsden was used in this report.